Review of Counter-Terrorism Systems During Summer Olympic Games in the 21ST Century (2025)

SECURITY REQUIREMENTS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES

SUMMARY The subject of this paper is related to the security requirements at the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games are the biggest global sporting event that brings together athletes and spectators from over 200 countries worldwide. The phenomenological aspects of sports-social, political and economic factors are some of the reasons for their planetary popularity. Unfortunately, major events have always attracted the attention of terrorists, various organizations and individuals, who in them saw an opportunity to inhumanely turn the attention to themselves for the sake of objectives that are not associated with sports but rather with politics and other issues. For these reasons the safety requirements of the Olympic Games are very important, and they are among other things one of the primary tasks of the organization of each Olympic Games. The objective of this paper is to emphasize the need and importance of the utilization of security measures during the Olympic Games. In addition to the general safety of all participants and spectators, one should take into account the protection of athletes against injury. For the purpose of providing security for athletes, coaches, managers, delegations, referees, audience and special VIP guests, hosts of the Games take special measures with the help of international assistance. By analyzing commitment of the host cities' Organizational Committees in the 21 st century in the field of security, the results of the paper suggest the necessity of the implementation of security measures during the Olympic Games in order to prevent their misuse by negative elements.

Terrorism and Security at the Olympics: Empirical Trends and Evolving Research Agendas

This paper examines the intersections of terrorism, security and the Olympics. An empirical analysis of Olympic-related terrorism in the period 1968-2014 suggests the need to bring state terrorism into the analysis of terrorism at the Olympics. The empirical data presented in this study underline the significance of state terrorism in this context: the two deadliest attacks in the history of the modern Olympic Games were perpetrated or sponsored by representatives of the state against civilians. The findings indicate the spatial and temporal displacement of Olympic-related terrorism, with the bulk of attacks taking place outside Olympic competitions and away from host cities, as well as its diverse ideological and cultural contexts. The paper reviews and synthesizes the emerging field of critical research on terrorism and security at the Olympics. It is concluded that this historical and sociological work opens up new lines of inquiry and raises significant policy questions by drawing attention to both intended and unanticipated security legacies of the Olympics, including the wider social implications of Olympic security operations.

Surveillance, security and sports mega events: Toward a research agenda on the organisation of security networks

Surveillance and Security, 2014

Surveillance and security at sports mega events have been the subject of considerable scholarly attention. Events such as the Olympic Games and Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cups have become occasions of almost unparalleled economic, political and social significance. In the lead up to the London 2012 Olympic Games, scholars have examined issues such as the 'security legacies' of sports mega events, the infrastructures and technologies used in an attempt to secure these events, and the planning mentalities underpinning the staggering 'security spectacle' of these globally televised events. This paper deals with the subject of how surveillance and security practices at sports mega events are organised. It uses the emerging paradigm of 'security networks' to call attention to some important issues involving the entire 'security assemblage' that accompanies these mega events. The paper presents five levels of analysis—structural, cultural, policy, technological and relational—to examine these practices and documents several key areas for further research on sports mega events.

The Role of Sports Policing and Tourism Safety at the Summer Olympics

Sustainability

The study examines the Summer Olympics from the point of view of sports policing and tourism safety. Held every four years, the Summer Olympics are the world’s biggest sporting events, posing a significant challenge for tourism and law enforcement professionals. Billions of people watch the Olympic events on television, and hundreds of thousands of people are simultaneously present at the venues. Ensuring the safety of tourists and athletes on-site is the host country’s responsibility. In many cases, the target of terrorists is the tourism sector, which in some countries, accounts for a significant share of annual revenue. An attack could therefore have significant economic and social consequences. This study uses crime statistics and economic data to analyze and comment on each Olympic venue. The data comes from international databases, police, and embassy sources. The study seeks to answer the question of whether it is possible to host a safe Olympic event and whether there is a l...

The Impact of Strategic Planning on Institutional Integration Toward Patrimonial and Perimeter Security Planning of the 2016 Olympics Games

Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 2018

After the legacy of September 11, 2001, and subsequent terrorist attacks during sports events, such as the London (2005) bombings, is evidenced in the increased security measures put in place at major sports events. Heightened attention to safety management and public concern about possible threats and perception of risk has now become a fundamental component of the planning and risk management strategies for sports events. To deal with this issue, this study aims to systemize and develop the strategic planning process for security operations of the gaming facilities and to the public in general within the games perimeter, during the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We took basis on MCDA-C (Multi-Criteria Methodology Decision Support-Constructivist), to develop a system capable of promoting the institutional integration of Brazilian security forces to ensure the public and playing field's safety, as well as the games perimeter and public and private property used for the 2016 Olympic Games. The system starts with a business environment analysis, and service requirements analyzes, and, with the MCDA-C's assistance, a relevance matrix was constructed, and, from it, resources and operations plans were set. Finally, the Olympics Games Rio 2016 strategic security operations plan results were discussed.

Olympic rings of steel: constructing security for 2012 and beyond

2011

Securing the Olympic Games: exemplifications of developments in urban security governance

2011

The Olympic Games are now characterized by overt displays of military personnel and hardware, the deployment of new surveillance technologies and policing techniques, and rapidly escalating budgets. Yet, most research on security at these urban events has been confined to the sociology of sport or the applied profession of sport management. This dissertation contextualizes the Olympic Games within current debates about security in the post-9/11 environment, and asks what the Games reveal about developments in security, surveillance, and urban governance. At the same time I also ask how the Olympics reinforce and extend these developments in socio-cultural ways. These questions are pursued through four analyses of different aspects of the Games: practices of socio-spatial regulation in Olympic host cities, ideas of resiliency and preparedness in urban governance, the performative dimensions of precautionary governance, and the production and globalization of security expertise. I conclude by suggesting that the Olympics provide a window into future directions in urban security governance. 'buddies' in the department and subsequent intersections in Ontario and elsewhere. Finally, my most heartfelt thanks go to Marcia, who has been with me every day of this process.

Perceptions of Terrorism Threats at the 2004 Olympic Games: Implications for Sport Events

Journal of Sport & Tourism, 2007

Developing a strategic framework for terrorism prevention and mitigation in sport events and festivals in the USA

The aim of this study is to develop a strategic framework for terrorism prevention and mitigation in sport events and festivals in the USA. Tourist activities or activities where tourists are involved have always been identified as “soft targets” for terrorist attacks (Giulianotti & Klauser, 2012; Paraskevas, 2013; Paraskevas & Arendell, 2007; Ritchie, 2004). Terrorists see tourist activities as an easy target to infiltrate. It guarantees international media coverage and provides a cost-effective platform for terrorists to deliver a broader political message (Giulianotti & Klauser, 2012; Grady & Blakley, 2010; Pizam & Smith, 2002; Pizam, Tarlow & Bloom, 1997). The success is evident in the many tourist attacks that have occurred all over the world in the last 40 years. The National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (2013) has indicated that there have been more than 383 incidents in 77 countries involving tourists from 1970 – 2011. Some of the tourist ...

Introduction Security and Surveillance at Sport Mega Events

Urban Studies, 2011